Should people be banned from using cell phones when driving Why or why not

Should people be banned from using cell phones when driving Why or why not The 21st century has been associated with an advanced technology and in particular an enhancement in information technology. The advancement in communication through the use of mobile phone has greatly impacted many sectors positively. Cell phones are very important devices in the modern world because they have greatly boosted successful communication.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Should people be banned from using cell phones when driving? Why or why not? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Effective and efficient communication has in return facilitated the performances of businesses and organizations. Despite the many advantages that are associated with cell phones, cell phones have also been associated with a number of challenges among them being linked with facilitating an increase in crimes and accidents. Many people have blamed the cell phones to the current high increases in the number of road accidents witnes sed worldwide, while others argue that the use of mobile phones while driving is not wholly to blame for the rise in accidents since there are also other vital causes such as over speeding, bad weather, sleepiness, driving while drunk among others. Road accidents account for about 1.3 million deaths and an approximately between 20 to 50 million injuries annually. It is noted that road accidents is among the three most prevalent causes of deaths for those people aged between five to fifty years. In addition it is noted that the governments use billion of dollars annually as costs that results from these accidents. Thus, there is a dare need to implement better road usage mechanisms that will guarantee responsible road usage (Powers 2). The introduction of these mechanisms will ensure adherence of proper road usage practices that will help to cut down the high rates of accidents that are associated with poor road usage and especially to those drivers that use their cell phone while dr iving. It is common that any law legislation that aims at prohibiting usage of cell phone while driving is likely to experience a lot of resistance from many people globally. Most resistance is likely to come from those people that are of the opinion that there is no offense in simultaneously driving and using the cell phone. This is in contrast to many researches conducted on the causes of road accidents. Majority of these researches have identified the use of cell phone while driving as a major contributing factor to the high increase in the road accidents witnessed nowadays. They depict that the use of mobile phone while driving disrupts an individual’s concentration significantly such that one is not in a good position to deal with emergencies effectively (Banning the use of cell phones while driving makes sense par. 4).Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is generally accepted that the use of mobile phone while driving creates a considerable rise in the number of accidents both to the user and other road users. This is because its use impairs the drivers’ control of the vehicle and in addition, it reduces a driver’s awareness of the roads happenings. The two major factors contributors of road accidents while driving can be categorized in two; Physical detractors and cognitive distracters (The Royal Society for prevention of accidents 2). The physical distraction occurs when drivers remove one hand from the steering wheel to use their cell phone. Moreover, drivers occasionally remove their eyes from the road as they pick and replace their cell phone or while dialing. The cognitive disruption occurs when two or more cognitive activities are executed simultaneously. When this happen, the effectiveness of the performance of these tasks is much compromised compared to a situation where it is only one task that was being execut ed. The performance is reduced because the attentiveness is often divided or switched between the two activities and the two compete for common cognitive processes. Therefore whenever a driver uses the cell phone while driving, what this means is that he/she has to operate the phone and maintain the phone conversation. Similarly, the drive will also be required to control the vehicle and ensure he/she responds occasionally to the changing traffic conditions. This is not an easy task for many. These two kinds of disruptions are the one that boosts accidents for those drivers that use the phones while driving (The Royal Society for prevention of accidents 3). Despite all these allegations that use of mobile phone while driving increases road accidents, it is surprisingly that use of cell phone while driving is not the leading cause of road accidents. Over speeding and bad weather are rated among the leading causes of road accidents worldwide. Over speeding continuously remains the lea ding cause of road accidents, despite the various programs launched worldwide aiming to create awareness about the risks associated with speeding. There is no much that have been achieved. The recommended speed limits vary from one nation to the other, but there is one thing that holds; the faster you drive, the more risky you are prone to accident and other road users. Bad weather is considered as the next leading cause of road accidents. Bad weather such as rain, snow or fog is known to facilitate accidents as a result of slippery roads and blurred visibility. Thus, drivers are advised to drive extra carefully, while driving in these conditions as they have limited control on them. Driving while drunk or high with drugs is also a significant contributor of increased risks of road accidents. Use of alcohol and drugs reduces the body’s reflexes which makes an individual more aggressive.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Should people be banned from usi ng cell phones when driving? Why or why not? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Drunk drivers exhibit more aggressive behaviors such as driving too close to the vehicle in front or applying the brakes forcefully (Nita par.3). In addition, drunkards are known to be reckless and not able to see the consequences of their actions. This is why driving while drunk is prohibited by law. Sleepiness is also a leading cause of road accidents. For instance approximately 100,000 accidents due to sleepiness are recorded in U.S. annually (Launce par.5). Thus, the high rise is road accidents cannot only be blamed on the increased use of mobile phones while driving. There are other factors that have been identified that increase road accidents in a greater extent than the use of the mobile phones while driving. Among the other factors highlighted as major cause of accidents are over speeding, bad weather, driving while drunk and sleepiness. Nevertheless, this does not mean that the use of mobile phone while driving is not an issue to be worried about, drivers should ensure that they put into consideration all the factors that are linked with increase risks in road accident and act responsibly to safeguard their life and that of other road users such as pedestrians. By observing these safety precautions, many lives will be saved and the State will save the huge costs that are associated with road accidents and being invested elsewhere. Banning the use of cell phones while driving makes sense. 28 Jan. 2011.Web.18 July, 2011 Launce, Kim. Cell Phone Statistics. 19 Aug. 2010. Web.. Nita. Drunk driving is a major cause of accidents in  India.7 Dec.2006 Web. Powers, Tom. 10 Reasons Why Road Accidents Happen And Finding Legal  Representation.2005 Web..Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Royal Society for prevention of accidents. The Risk of Using a Mobile Phone while  Driving.18 Aug. 2004. Web.18 July, 2011

How Many Ways Can You Edit

How Many Ways Can You Edit In my opinion you cannot edit too much unless you have no idea what youre writing. If you have purpose in your project and understand the direction of your story, then youll know when the editing is done. How many times do you edit a story? Wrong question. The question is more along the lines of how many ways can you edit. I cannot tell you whats right for all writers, novelists, freelancers and copywriters, but I can tell you what I do when Im writing my mysteries. I also use many of these for my magazine projects as well. The ways Hope edits: 1) Finish the rough draft. (on screen) 2) Let it sit overnight at a minimum. A novel needs to sit for a week or two. 3) Edit it on screen for the big picture aspects. Does it have a beginning, middle and ending? Does it open strong and end strong, making the point clear? Did the middle sag? Is the plot solid? 4) Edit it on screen for flow, syntax, and flavor. Tweak dialogue. Revisit the climax. Dissect the pivotal scenes. Make the setting three dimensional and the characters real. 5) Edit it on screen for grammar, typos and spelling. 6) Print it off and pull out your red pen. Read it with a hard editors eye, slowly and methodically. You will see the story differently on paper than you did on the screen. 7) Now, read it aloud. You can read it to someone or they can read it to you. If the other person is not a serious writer, have them read it to you, so your ear can catch the mistakes, lulls and boredom. 8) Have a beta reader who is a writer read it. 9) Have a beta reader who is a voracious reader read it . Do not waste your time with someone who is not a solid, well-read recreational reader. They will not catch the boo-boos. 10) Hire an editor. 11) Find a copyeditor. 12) Find a proofreader. (You can often combine numbers 10, 11, 12 or 11 and 12.) One editing tactic that makes my work better is locating repeating words. As you read your work aloud, youll hear the words that are stated too many times. In my most recent manuscript, I took note of such words as I read it, listing words like HAND, LOOK, ROSE, UNDERSTAND, THOUGHT, and STOOD. Dont assume you repeat the same words in each of the works, because Ive found that no two stories are the same in the words I like to overuse. There are lots of steps to edit your work, especially your long works. If you wonder about whether youre editing enough, chances are you arent.

Ethical analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Ethical analysis - Essay Example Even though practitioners are expected to keep the confidentiality of patient information, Richard’s case demonstrates a need to disclose the test results to his spouse. It is argued that, medical situations in which more harm would result from keeping patient information private justify breaching of the obligation of confidentiality (Cornock 18). Richard who has been away in Botswana for four moths contracted HIV and it is necessary that his wife knows the status of her husband so that she would be protected from contracting the virus. For this reason, I would contact the wife and disclose the results. However, the disclosure of Richard’s condition to his wife has to be done in the most appropriate and professional manner. This means that I will first try to counsel the husband as to why the wife needs to be informed about his condition. To protect the health of others from cross transmission of infections, practitioners are obliged to provide relevant information to the parties who are at risk of contacting a disease or infection (Kipnis 7). The decision to inform the wife is reached for the sake of her health. The wife would be informed in two ways. I would persuade the husband to inform the wife by himself and subscribe counseling sessions for the couple. It is possible that Richard could refuse this because he seems adamant to keep this information private. Therefore, I will contact the wife and arrange for a consultation and counseling session with her. During the meeting with Richard’s wife, I would inform her about the health condition of the husband in the most straightforward manner. This will be followed by a counseling session in which I will advice her that she and the husband would live positively regardless of his positive HIV status. My duty of care is towards the whole family. If the wife is informed about her husband’s condition, she would take measures of protecting herself from being infected by her husband. In this case, I

Prospects and Problems of Biomass Energy in a Future Global Research Paper

Prospects and Problems of Biomass Energy in a Future Global Sustainable Energy System - Research Paper Example The primary and major emission gas for Greenhouse Gases is carbon dioxide (CO2). When the carbon dioxide goes into atmosphere and changes the weather conditions, the bio-diversity will decrease through increase in temperature. Researchers suggest that biomass has the potential to become one of the major primary sources of energy in the centuries to come. It is believed that bio-energy systems would come out as the important contributors to future sustainable development in industrialized and developing countries. Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are the basis of biomass. The energy sources that act in the derivation of biomass energy are garbage and wood. The other sources include landfill gases and alcohol fuels. One can convert biomass into some other forms of energy like methane gas or fuels for transportation. The other utilities from biomass include production of electricity. Sugarcane and corn are some of the resources of biomass energy. The raw material for biomass is much cheaper than other fuels. Probably the oldest source of energy after the sun is biomass. Sun is the source of energy for biomass. Almost half of the biomass used in the present times comes from burning of wood and wood scraps. The biggest user of biomass is industry followed by transportation (National Energy Education Development Project, 2009). Problems of biomass energy Biomass power can have its impact on the environment. Air pollution can be caused in using biomass as a fuel. Carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides and some other particulates can be the forms of pollutants. A pollutant that is created by incomplete combustion of fossil fuel is black carbon which is held as the second largest contributor to cause global warming. The carbon is released into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. When a carbon is released into the atmosphere it acts as a contributor in climate change. Even though there are some advantages accrued in using biomass fuels, yet it had not been the major source of energy i n everyday life. The traditional biomass energy was dependent upon combustion of woods and leaves. This sort of activity generated carbon into the atmosphere. Recent advancements in technology has reduced the cost of the process and increased the production of ethanol yield of switch grass. This will drive more profits as well as protect the environment. The production of biomass is possible only when crop is raised to serve the purpose of producing the fuels only. The process will use up land which could have been used for other purposes like the normal agricultural process. Scientists opined that these production processes will insert its tool in the ecosystem. This can also result in climate crisis. The production of biomass energy uses a lot of energy to harvest the crops. It requires more water and other fossil fuels to make the fertilizers for the plantation and harvesting processes. It is also difficult to collect biomass. There is also constraint on the availability of bioma ss all round the year. The major constituents of biomass energy production are wheat, barley and corn and they are seasonal crops. Their availability is limited in certain seasons of the year. The source of producing biomass is expensive. Although the fuels of biomass are renewable sources but one cannot find a reduction in the levels of emission. Some amounts of pollutants that are harmful are produced by bio-fuels. This is known as fossil fuels.

Corporate Governance Disclosure and the Financial Practices Essay

Corporate Governance Disclosure and the Financial Practices - Essay Example Corporate governance and compliance to its prescribed practices has always been a subject of discussion. Adherence to corporate governance practice helps a corporate organization to rationalize risks as well as maximize its business performance at the same time. In the present day aggressive business environment that calls for a firm regulatory setting, compliance to corporate governance norms help organizations to sustain profitability in the long run. This study evaluates the influence of corporate governance disclosure guidelines on the Saudi Arabian companies in general and their annual issuance of financial reports in particular. This research study is motivated by several factors. First, the Board of CMA had issued a guidance of corporate governance for the corporate organizations in Saudi Arabia. Studying the extent of influence of corporate governance on the annual reports of the Saudi listed companies would help in understanding the attributes of companies that act in accord ance with the CMA guidance. Furthermore, the research study would also benefit in identifying the possible issues that explain the dissimilarities in compliance across Saudi Arabian organizations. Secondly, review of literature on the subject of corporate governance reporting reveals that there are not many empirical researches conducted on the business backdrop of emerging nations, such as Saudi Arabia.  The rationale of this research study is to emphasise on the aspects that impel the corporate governance norms in Saudi Arabia.

Ipp Group Of Companies Background Business Essay

Ipp Group Of Companies Background Business Essay IPP is a private own group of companies which was established by Mr. Reginald Mengi, since 1980s after serving as Chairman and Managing Partner of Coopers Lybrand in Tanzania. The IPP group was stated as a small scale, hand operated ball point pen assembly plant in Dar es Salaam and has now expanded and diversify to become of largest industrial groups in East Africa. The company comprises four core divisions namely: Media Beverages Household and Beauty care Minerals Prospecting and Mining IPP MEDIA IPP Media is one of leading East Africas largest Media conglomerates. IPP Media is a private company, held under IPP Group and based in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. IPP Media comprises nine newspapers, which are published daily in both English(The Guardian, Sunday observer, financial times and This day) and Swahili are (Taifa letu, Nipashe, Majira, Lete raha) also has three television stations namely (ITV, EATV and Capital television), and three radio stations (Radio One, Capital FM and East Africa radio). IPP Media is also a wide content provider for East African news on the Internet via its web site www. ippmedia.com. . BEVERAGES Water Bottled on the slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro at Shirimatunda area, Kilimanjaro Pure Drinking Water is the leading water brand in Tanzania. In order to meet its growing demand while maintaining its international packaging standards, IPP is currently installing a cutting edge PET bottle blowing / filling line which will triple its bottling capacity. Soft drinks IPP holds the franchise for Coca Cola carbonated soft drinks brands:- Coca Cola, Fanta Orange, Sprite, Fanta Passion, Fanta Pineapple, Fanta Black Currant, Sparletta Citrus, Sparletta Classic, Sparletta Pinenut, Stoney Tangawizi, Krest, Bitter Lemon, Krest Ginger Ale, Krest Tonic Water and Krest Club Soda. Over the years, numerous quality awards of gold and silver medals have been won bearing witness to the seriousness and importance attached to quality. Beer Carlsberg; Probably the best beer in the World. IPP is the sole importer and distributor of Carlsberg, the internationally known premium larger. Spirits Several brands are professionally blended and packed to meet national and international quality standards; these brands include, the exotic spirits of Hakuna Matata, Zanzibar Desire and Kilimanjaro Ecstasy describe local fundamental nature, aroma and taste and promise pleasure to all palates. IPP Households and beauty: Body soaps IPP is involved in the manufacturing and distribution of a number of leading soap brands including REVOLA, Tanzanias foremost beauty soap. It also manufactures and distributes under license the GIV Beauty Soap from PT. Wings Surya (Indonesia). A fully-fledged laboratory ensures the highest quality standards for its products. Body soap products are readily available throughout Tanzania, via a strong network of own depots, agents and distributors. Export markets include Congo, Zambia and Burundi. Detergents TESA ULTRA WASHING POWDER, one of the leading and most widely used brands in East and Central Africa. Under IPP Minerals and Prospecting category there are: Mining, cutting, polishing IPP carries on the business of mining, cutting, faceting and polishing of precious stones and uses modern state of the art equipment manned by very skilled staff. Precious stones cut and polished include Tanzanite, Ruby, Sapphire, Emerald and Alexandrite. The cut and polished gemstones cater to the needs of the Tanzanian market and for exports worldwide. Prospecting Currently prospecting for Diamonds, Gold and Platinum in various concessions within Tanzania. ORGANISATION STRATEGIES Rigorous performance and financial management. Integrity, honesty and moral standards. Continuous product research, innovation and product quality. Responsible corporate citizen. Making a real and sustainable difference in markets in which IPP has business interests. Human capital development. Unparalleled service excellence. VISION To be the worlds most admired diversified company with regard to employee and customer satisfaction. MISSION Ability to spot and harness opportunities Employee satisfaction Competent leadership and management Business innovation and creativity Service excellence ORGANISATION STRUCTURE According to Mullins, (2005:596) Structure is the pattern of relationships among positions in the organisation and among members of the organisation. Structure makes possible the application of the process of management and creates framework of order and command through which the activities of the organisation can be planned, organised, directed and controlled. The structure defines tasks and responsibilities, work roles and relationships, and channels of communications. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE FOLLOWED BY THE IPP GROUP The IPP group of companies has cloned its organization structure from Organic according to the nature of the business. The Organic is very flexible and it has enabled the company to run all kinds of business effectively .This is due to the decentralization approach applied, where some decision making are carried out by heads of department rather than top management.. For the case of IPP groups channel of communication, is highly structured and is open to allow flow of information in all level within the company. The IPP group has. Organic structure which is flexible in attaining its objectives such that: It supports innovation It is free more adaptable to the organization to changing circumstances Channel of communication are open with free flow of information throughout organization. Operating style allow to vary freely Authority for decision making based on the expertise of individual in all division of work More consensual and more loosely controlled It emphasis on getting things done and un constrained by formally laid down procedures In case o decision making is made in participation and group consensus ORGANISATION CULTURE According to Cook, C et al (1997, p 112) defined organization culture as the fundamental assumption people share about an organizations values , beliefs, norms, symbols, language , rituals and myths. All of the expressive elements that gives meaning to organization membership and are accepted as guide to behavior. The following are the IPP group organization culture. Transparency- IPP group of companies encourage transparency to its operations from its core divisions of media (Radio, television, investigative news from news papers) Symbols- the IPP group of companies has a status symbol that communicate social position and pecking order in hierarchy, and their Grandness gives a good indicator about how much importance is attached to hierarchy as an organization principle Rites and Ceremonies- it is carried on during retirement and farewell parties and can be used as a sign of a happy family as well ritual of taking a new comer around and introducing the person to new colleague Power Culture: A power culture found in IPP group relies on Trust, empathy, and personal communication for effectiveness. Task Culture: This seeks to bring together the right resources and people and utilize the unifying power of the IPP group. They also have unique and robust culture of entrepreneurial team work and strategic focus. ORGANISATION BEHAVIOR According to Cook, C et al (1997 p 9) defined organizational behavior as behaviors of individuals and groups within an organization, and the interactions between the organization and environmental forces. The IPP group of company has the responsibility to create conducive working environment that are excellent for both employees and organization. THE IPP EMPLOYEES The people who work for IPP are the cornerstone of companys success. The group is also committed to not only receiving value from employees, but also delivering value to them. To this end IPP group systematically implement a company-wide system aimed at fostering an inspiring and caring environment. Through teamwork and communication, the goal is to harness the exceptional intellectual capital they already have within the organization and provide an opportunity for this to be recognized, rewarded and fulfilled. CUSTOMERS The group continues to seek innovative ways to understand the needs of its potential customers who they see as their business partners. Through their internal and external service excellence chain, they have always managed to come up with solutions that meet their business partners needs. IPPs success is evident in market leadership in the sectors in which they operate. SWOT analysis SWOT ANALYSIS FOR IPP GROUP OF COMPANY Strengths Availability of latest technology which meet the need of the organization Good infrastructure that cater demand for production- warehouses, offices, transportation, communication system Availability of skilled labors Wide range of products Good distribution system through deport and agents Well known brand names example coca cola, Kilimanjaro pure drinking water, the guardian news paper, and local news paper like majira, nipashe etc Weaknesses Unpredictable and seasonal market Weak collaboration and networking Inadequate support from government Shortage of resources and equipments Shortage of expertise Lack of job security Opportunities High local demand of information Larger regional and international markets Financial access from financial institutions Political stability Availability of training institution to train staff Availability of broadcasting Act and Policy Threats Other competitors in the market Frequently technological change Natural disasters Conflict between the Government and IPP Media (political conflict) Outdated law governing media sectors Brain drain Constraints: IPP group of companies faces the following constraints: Market constraints: IPP group of companies faces market challenges from other competitor who are in the market doing the same business. Also the market forces caused by demand and supply as well the change of price due to currency stability. Technological constraints: rapid change of technology is one of the challenges which the IPP group is facing in today world. If the company is unable to cope with changes of technology this will cause the inability to compete in the market in terms of production of quality product. Financial constraints: Poor allocation of fund and poor budgeting (under budgeting and over budgeting). Prioritization and allocation of resources are to be allocated in highly demand area within the organization. Legal constraints: the new introduced policy which may hinder the companys activities as well the outdated policy which does not favor the operation of the organization. Organisation Competitors IPP group of companies have many competitors in its market, from media, beverages, and in mining division. These competitors include Media competitors Global Publishers Ltd, Habari Corporation, Business Times, Mwananchi Communication, Sahara Communication Ltd and Tanzania Broadcasting Corporation (TBC). Beverages Competitors Bakhresa Group of Companies, Nyanza Bottles Mining Competitors Tanzanite One and Barrick Gold Mining Ltd BARRIERS TO MANAGING CHANGE People tend to be resistant to change. It is important therefore for management of IPP Group to understand the reasons for, and nature of, resistance and to adopt a clearly defined strategy for the initiation of change. Barriers to Managing Change in IPP Group are Organisation Culture Once the organisation culture change suddenly it hinders the process of managing change as people within the organisation are not read to accept any change due to fear of loosing their job, positions, demotion. Economic Implications. Employees of IPP are likely to resist change which is consider as threat to their direct and in direct pay or other rewards. Some times changes increase levels of work for the same levels of payments. Past contract or agreement. IPP entered into contracts or agreements with other parties, such as (Coca cola companies).Theses contracts and agreement can limit changes in behaviours like operating under special license or permit or fixed price contract to supply goods/services to a Government agencies. STRATEGIES TO OVERCOME BARRIERS TO MANAGING CHANGE The following are proposed strategies to overcome barriers to Managing Change. Education and Communication This will help staffs to learn the reason for the change, how it will take form, and the likely consequences will be. Communication is required to reduce anxiety and ensure that staffs understand what is happening, what will be the expected of them and how they will be supported in adopting to change. Participation and Involvement The Management of IPP Groups should encourage those involved in designing and implementation of changes in order to give out their ideas and foster commitment. Participation increases understanding, enhances feelings of control, minimise uncertainty, and promote a feeling of ownership when change directly affect staffs. If people within the organisation are involved about bringing change it is difficult for them to resist. Facilitation and Support Whenever there are changes, IPP Group Management should encourage, support, counsel, train and provide resources to help those affected by change to cope with new requirements. Through facilitation and support, managers have a better chance of bringing the change and commitment to make it work. Negotiation and Agreement During powerful resistance on implementing changes, management of IPP Group should negotiate and agree with staff through their representatives on how to implement changes. Conclusion: IPP group of companies is still progressing despite of challenges from competitors and market forces. Proper allocation of resources that is human resources, operation resources, financial resources and raw materials is required to be improved through improved through imposing changes in terms of organisation Culture and Change Management. Developing strategies that will lead to better change. MEDIA BEVERAGES HOUSEHOLDS AND BEAUTY CARE STRATEGIC VENTURES MINERALS PROSPECTING AND MINING

Fate in Eudora Weltys A Worn Path :: Worn Path

Fate in Eudora Welty's A Worn Path    Fate can take control of humans lives and can help humans reach the end of the challenging path. The path is a journey which can not be totally controlled by humans. There will always be obstacles that will rely on fate. The path is a metaphor for life and life is full of obstacle s and risks that Phoenix needed to overcome in this story. Before Phoenix made it down the hill, the bush got caught in her clothes. It shows that you should not judge from the outside and that things are not always what they seem. In life you will come across people and objects that are harsher than you imagine. She also stumbled upon a scarecrow that scared her. This shows that life and the path are both filled with surprises and entertainment. The white man told her that town was far away and that she should head home. But she knew that she must continue for her grandson and it shows that you should not always trust that the advice given is the best.    Phoenix Jackson was determined to travel down the worn path to reach town. Determination was a key factor to her success down the path but I think that fate was on her side and it helped her through. For example, Phoenix crossed a creek by a log. She closed her eyes and it was fate that got her across safely. She came across a scarecrow that momentarily brought happiness to her. When she was walking down the road a black dog suddenly jumped up on her and pushed her to the ground. "A white man finally came along and found her - a hunter, a young man, with his dog on a chain. I think that this shows that fate had brought a person to help lift her up just when she needed it. It also brought an opportunity for her to pocket a nickel she saw. Kindness is very important in the story because it showed that there are many people who are willing to lend a hand to help an old lady. The white man helped her up and a lady helped lace up her shoe. "'Stand still then, Grandma' said the lady. She put her packages down on the sidewalk beside her and laced and tied both shoes tightly." This shows that Phoenix was not too shy to ask politely for help and she received the help that she needed.